2.
   2024
/...   
  
[      (   )]
   3    : 100
: -     -    ,          
                
 -
1.()               '  
()                    
     
(c)             
2.                
    
 -
3.             
4.              
2.
 -
5.                
    
6.               ,   
              
 ?
-
7.                     
 
8.               
             
2.
   2024
/...   
  
[      (   )]
   3    : 100
: -     -    ,          
                
 -
1.()               '  
()                    
     
(c)             
: 󹻂        ?
       ,         
 
 -  (  , , , )        
 

 , ,  (  , ),    
         
            ,    

  ,       
󹻂  
             
           
2.
   '  :
    
      
       (),  ( , ), 
 ()
    
   :
󸅥󷼚󷼛󼏏󼏐󸅦󸅧󸅨󸅩󸅪󼏑󹌖󼏒󼏓󻵴󻵵󻵶󼌧󼏔󼏕󼏖󼏗󼏘󼏙󻵷󼏚󻵸  

󹻂    
1.   '   
o  :    (  )   (, -
   )   
2.    
o     ()    (
)     
3.       
o      -       
   
4.    
o          

o  :   ,  /    
  
󹻂    
1.   
o         
2.
2.    
o 
      ,       
  
3.      

o         
󹻂  
1.   
o             ,   
     
2.         
o           

3.         

o   , , , ,   

󷼘󷼙󷼚󷼛󼋐󼋑󷼩󻰉󻰊󻰋󻰌󻰍󻰋󻰎󻰏󻰐󻰑󻰒󼋒󼋓󼋔󻰓󻰔󻰕󻰖󻰗 
   
             :

 
   
 

, 



, 
  ( )
 
                  
  ,  

󷃆󼽢
                 
     ,  -  ,    
 
 ,              
 
2.
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾     
    
󹻂  
        
    
          
 
      :
󹻂 
       
:      ,       
             
󼨐󼨑󼨒 

󹻂  
  -   -  (  ),     
 (  )
  ,        
 : ,        
 ,   , 
     
󹻂    
"", "",  ""      -  
-   
 :
 , ""           

 , ""            
 
       
2.
󹻂  
     ,     
 
  ,    ,   
    
 
 ,       
󹻂  
             
 :  ,       ,     

       
 
󹻂  
           
           - 
 
 
       
󹻂 
      (, , , , ) 
        
 ,        
󷃆󼽢
           - ,
,   ,     
 ,    
,    ,   
    
2.
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾    
󹻂 
   :
      
     

    ,        
󹻂 
         
    :
 
    
 
   
 
󹻂 
1.     
    '     ,  
 :           
2.     
, ,  , , ,   
 :        
3.    
  
 ,  
 ,     
2.
 :     '   ;  , 
     
4.       
    ,   (-, -, -)
 :     () ;     
5.        
, , , ,   
      
 :       ;      
6.     
   
    
 :    (  )     

7.      
    '    -    ,   
  
 :       
8.   
      
 :      ,   
9.      
           
 
2.
 :          
󹻂

           
    


           
          
 
󷃆󼽢
                
                
        
2.                
    
: 󷃆󼽢    -
              
      ,      ,  (
   )             
                
   ,     '   
  ,       -      
            

󼨐󼨑󼨒
           -     
 
2.
       :
        (    ),  
   ,       (    ) 
   
        :
    
    
     
   ',     -       

 " "    - ,      
󷃆󹸃󹸄  
          :
1. 
        
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾 
   
   
        
   
     :
 -    (  , , )
-             (,  
  )
2.   (  )
    
2.
     ,  (  )   ,    
      
    " " , 
 
      
 -   , ,   
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾       ,     :
   ,
  , 
      
3. 
        
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾 
   ,
   ,
    
       
4. 
     ,   
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾 
     -   ,     

     ,      -    
               
5.   
        
       
:
 ,
2.
 ,
 -,
 
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾 
    
 ,         
   ,         
        
 
󷨕󷨓󷨔    
              -  
 -      (  , , , ,  
 )
󷃆󼽢   

1.    '   
         ,   
 ,  
           
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾      ,   
,           
     -        ,  
    
2.       
       '      -   
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾 
   ,         
     ,       
 
             
2.
3.         

       , 
        
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾 

      ()    :
:      
 
:       
          
4.     '   
       
       
     
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾 
        ,     
,            
          ,      
 
        
󼨻󼨼  
      ,       :
1.  
                
2.      

        
      ,  
    ,     
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾 
  ,   ( ,  )     
  -        

2.
3.    
 , ,      '    , 
  
    
󷗭󷗨󷗩󷗪󷗫󷗬
              
         ,       
         -  ,    

        :
    -     
  '    
-      
    
,         
       
 -
3.             
: 󷃆󼽢  - 
  (..) ,   ( )       
    (    III)     ,     
 

  "  " ()   ,      , 
()    ,            
   ,             
 

          -   
󷃆󼽢 
1.  
2.
               
           
    
  '    
 :        '    ,   
                
 '    ,         
2.    
   ,             
 (   )   
 :   ,          / 
   ,         
3.   ()
        ()        
  '            
 :             
 ,                  
4.    (  )    
    
           
 :   '            ,  
      
󷃆󼽢 
             
1.      
         ,       
 ,  ,         
2.
 :          -  (,
, )      
2.    
           
 :              
 
3.      
                 
          
 :        
  ,   
     
4.    
        ,      -
             
 :              , 
        
5.    ' 
               
,   ,     -      
 
 :       
     
 ,    '            
  
6.      
               
            
2.
 :         ,       
  
7.         
               

 :       
        , 
   
    
8.         
    '     ,      
             
 
 :            
 
9.     
              
      '   
 :         ,       
           
10.  
        ,      
     
 
󷃆󼽢 
    ,               
      "    " 
 :                 
      
2.
󷃆󼽢
 ,                 
,       ,        
     ,     ,   ' 
   ,           ,  
      ,       

4.              
:-
 (  )           
   '  ,       ,    -
              
         
            
 
1.   
         ,  1789      
        7   27  
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾   
          ,  
  ,       
2.   
       ,       ()  
     
 50  ,      , ,  ,   

2.
  ,   ,  ,   ,    

󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾     ()  50   ()      
    ,                 
3.   
              , 
              
      :
1.  -  
  ()
2.   -     ()
3.  -       ( )
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾           (),   
      (),            
     ()
             
4.    
     ,          
    
     '      (   
)
   ()   
       
  
     ,     ,   
   
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾  ,       ,      
       
5. -    ( )
      ,     :
2.
1.  -  
o 100  (   2)
o     
2.   -  
o 435 
o      '
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾     ,    ()   ' 
    ,        ,    
           
     
 ,    ,     
   
6.   
              ,
  9  
     -        
  
       ,        
    
 
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾              
  (  ),          

7.   
               
    
 , 
       
""   
  :
          
  '    
   -         
2.
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾             -  , 
   '                   
  
8.    
    10           
        :
  
  
   
    ( )
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾           (   
   ),         
9.    
    ' -  :
1.   
2.  
                 
    (, ,     ) 
  
    ( -, ,    
)
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾        
     '   

10.   
    
         
   ,       
       '       
2.
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾    
           
  , 
   
       
               
         

      ,       
      ,         
      
                
 
 
 -
5.                
    
: 󷃆󼽢  - 
        ,    ,    
 ,      ,         , 
            
 
              , 
               
                
  ,       

󷃆󼽢  
             -
    
1.       (  )
                
           
2.
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾      (   )    
  ,   ( ""   ) '     
      ()  '   ,      

     ,          , 
       
     ,            -
        
2.  
          ,  ,  
              
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾       (, ,  '   
)   ,              
     ,          

 ,      
 ,           
  , 

    
 
3.    ( )  
           (    )  
 
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾 




󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾 : 1979 ,           
       ,    ,   
 
 ,           
 
4.       '  
           ,  
, ,   , '   
2.
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾 2003 ,             
             '     

             
     
5.   
             '    
          
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾 :         ,     
             ,   
   ,            
 ,              
6.     ()
           
,     
            
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾     1998       ,  
 
    
󼿰󼿱󼿲  
      ,      
1.      
 ,         
     
                
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾 :     650  400   ,       
      -            
    
2.   
2.
             
 ,   
 '        
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾   
  
 

3.     
        '   , 
 ,              
 
4.       
        ,        
      
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾   ,          
   ,        
5.        
        '     '   
 ,                
󷃆󼽢
 ,               ,
  ,             
,       ,        
   
 ,         
 ,    
           
2.
6.               ,   
              
 ?
: 󷇴󷇵󷇶󷇷󷇸󷇹 - 
   ()      ,   
       ,        
                 
              
 ,     ,         
        -    
         '  ,  
       
 
󹻂    
1. -   
          '     :
  (  '    -)
  (  '    -)
         ,     
  
󹳴󹳵󹳶󹳷   ,      
        , 2020   ,  
( )    ()   
2.   
       
     
      
     -   
              
󹳴󹳵󹳶󹳷       '    
 ,         '      
2.
3.     
      ,  
   ' ,   ,
   '     
   ,     
  ,            ,    
   
     ""   
󹳴󹳵󹳶󹳷       , "     
,"               

4.  -  
 ,       '    
  ,           
   ,   
󹳴󹳵󹳶󹳷       ,    
    -     
5.    
   ,    
    ,   
                   
      
󹳴󹳵󹳶󹳷 2020 ,     ,      
      
6.  '     
    ,    ' ,         
   ,            
󹳴󹳵󹳶󹳷 :        "  -  "  "
 -  "   
󷨕󷨓󷨔    
      ,       
 
    -  
2.
1.      
  -          ,
          ,    
     '     
󹳴󹳵󹳶󹳷   ,             
    
2.    
   ( )          
,           '      
  
󹳴󹳵󹳶󹳷 2020,   ( )      
3.     
     
         
 '  ,           
󹳴󹳵󹳶󹳷 2020     ,        
      
4.      
          ,  '      '
 
               
    
󹳴󹳵󹳶󹳷          ,  
 -    '     
5.       
 ,  ,    
    
               
󹳴󹳵󹳶󹳷  ,        ,    
'      
2.
6.    
              
   -   
󹳴󹳵󹳶󹳷    ,       
 
        
7.    
  -          
   ,     ,      

󹳴󹳵󹳶󹳷             
     -         
󷃆󼽢
  ,            
          ,    -
  ,       ,    
   
 
    ,    '     
 
             
      
 ,   ,         , 
   ,    ,       

-
7.                     
 
:󼪺󼪻  
2.
"  "               
 
,      
 ,   ,    
                
   
 
      ' 19
       ..
    
          
󹴷󹴺󹴸󹴹󹴻󹴼󹴽󹴾󹴿󹵀󹵁󹵂   
      :
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾  
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾  
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾 
󷽰󷽱󸚌󷽲󷽳󷽴󷽵󷽶󸚍󷽷󸚎󸚏󷽸󷽹󸚐󷽺󷽻󸚑󸚒󷽼󷽽󷽾󷽿󷾀󷾁󷾂󷾃󷾄󷾅󷾆󷾇󷾈󷾉󸚓     
1.    
        
   
            
     
 
󼪺󼪻 
       ,       '   
      
  
    
  
  ,      
2.      
       
,         
            
󼪺󼪻 
      ,           
2.
      
 , "  ,     
"
3.      /         
      , ,     
   ,      
      
,        
     
󼪺󼪻 
       ,      ,      
       

󷫋󷫌󷫍󷫎󷫏   
               
, 
   '  :
 
 
  '  
 :
          
    '    
    - ,      
             
󹳦󹳤󹳧     
          ,       
      :
1.      
2.
 ,   ,              - 
    
 
󼪺󼪻 
              "    
 ,"     '   -        ,  
   ,     

2.     

       
,         
  

󼪺󼪻 
 ,  32          '   
   ,     '       
      
3.     
            
 
󼪺󼪻 
            ,     
             "   " , 
 ,         
4.        
  ,      (    )  )   
    
󼪺󼪻 
   ,       '     
          ,        
   
  
5.   
 ,      ,        
        
2.
󼪺󼪻 
               ,  
          ,  
       
6.   
                 
󼪺󼪻 
     10    ,       
           
󷃆󼽢
                  
 
  :
      
     

       
  ,      :
 
   
  
   ,             
        -        
           
8.               
             
: 󹺿  - 
   ()        ,   
   (  )         
2.
 ,      ,       (  ) 
    
   , 
  :
   ?
       ?
      ?
      
󹻀 
                
          ,      
 
 
  :
 ,           
 , 50  ,     ,      
          
󹻀   
           
1.   
     ,  1787    ,     
 
   '         
    (, , )    
 '    
 :
                  
              
2.
2.   
        :
  (  ):       ,  
 ,    
  :      ,   ,  
 
  :         ,  
     
 :
              
3.    
 ,     ,      
            ,    
    
 :
             '     
  ,          
    
 
4.   
     ,    ,      
  
 
           
  
           
 :
       '        
 ,       
5.   
 ,           
2.
 :
              
      
6. -      
   ()    :
:     (   2 )
  :   ' 
     
              
 :
 (  )      ,   (  )
    2     -   
7.     
    ()            :
  -, 
    - 
             
󹻀   
     ,       ()   
      
1.     
  ,            :
 (, COVID-19 -)
 (   )
 ( )
    () 
 
2.
2.    
        ,       
      
 
 :
        ,        
   
   '  
      
3.  
, ,      ,      
   
 :
-19  ,       -     
  ,     
4.        
           ,      
  
 :
   -        ,    
    
5.  
 ,             ,   

 
 :
              ,  
 
󺭨
2.
:
      ,         
,          
     ,   ,      
        
 ,         ,   ()  
  
"                  

          ,           "